Respiratory Medicine » Evaluation of common symptoms

Approach to a patient with dyspnoeas

Dyspnoea is defined as abnormal or uncomfortable breathing in the context of what is normal for a person according to his or her level of fitness and exertional threshold for breathlessness. Dyspnoea is a common symptom and can be caused by many different conditions. The differential diagnosis is composed of four general categories: cardiac, pulmonary, mixed cardiac or pulmonary, and non-cardiac or non-pulmonary. Most cases of dyspnoea are due to cardiac or pulmonary disease, which is readily identified with a careful history and physical examination Chest radiographs, electrocardiograph and screening spirometry are easily performed diagnostic tests that can provide valuable information

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