Aortic dissection
An aortic aneurysm is a weakened and bulging area in the aorta. Most aneurysms are small and slow growing and rarely rupture. Some may be larger and faster growing and at higher risk of rupturing. Depending on the size and time of detection, treatment for aortic aneurysm varies from observation, waiting to emergency surgery. Emergency surgery for a ruptured aneurysm carries increased risk and less chance of survival. Although the exact cause of aneurysms is not certain, significant risk factors are smoking (in addition to the damaging effects of smoking directly to the arteries, smoking contributes to atherosclerosis and hypertension. Hypertension, especially if poorly controlled, increases the risk of developing an aortic aneurysm. In rare cases, aortic aneurysm may be caused by an infection (syphilis) or inflammation (vasculitis).
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