Infertility
About 15% of couples suffer from infertility at some point in their lives.The cause of infertility can be found in the female alone in (approximately) 30% of cases, in the male in 30%, and in both partners in a further 30% of cases. In 10%, it remains unexplained. In female patients main causes are ovulatory disturbances, Kallmann's syndrome, Prolactinoma Hypothyroidism, Premature ovarian failure are few causes of female infertility, Turner's syndrome, FSH receptor failure, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy (APECED) AutoimmuneGalactosaemia Endometriosis etc Causes of male infertility are Undescended testes Orchitis (parotitis) Varicocoeles, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism47, XYY males, 46,XX males Deletions on the Y chromosome , Alcohol abuse Pharmaceuticals (sulphasalazine, calcium antagonists, anti androgens such as ketoconazole, anabolic steroids), Antisperm antibodies, Erectile impotence etc Approach to the patient includes History and a battery of investigations Treatment includes Insemination In vitro fertilization, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) Ovulation induction
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