Echocardiography
An echocardiogram is a sonography of the heart. It uses standard ultrasound techniques to image two-dimensional slices of the heart. The latest ultrasound systems now employ 3D & 4D real-time imaging. In addition to creating 2D pictures of the cardiovascular system, an echocardiogram also produces accurate assessment of the velocity of blood and myocardial tissue, assessment of cardiac valve areas and function, any abnormal shunts, any valvular regurgitation and calculation of the cardiac output as well as the ejection fraction. It is also used with Doppler ultrasound to improve flow-related measurements. Exercise echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography are newer modalities.
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