Metabolic Disorders

Electrolyte imbalance

Hypernatemia is caused by insufficient fluid intake , fluid loss through the skin and G I tract and kidneys- 5% glucose or hypotonic (0.45%) fluid is administered orally or intravenously for correction. Hypernatraemia should be prevented by adequate fluid therapy in patients with fluid loss.In hyponatremia, neurological symptoms usually appear when serum sodium falls below 115 mEq/l.. The symptoms of slowly developed or chronic hyponatraemia are vague and mild. The patient may be only fatigued and confused. Hypokalemia manifests as Thirst, dehydration, hypotension, confusion, somnolence, loss of consciousness and convulsions. 5% glucose or hypotonic (0.45%) fluid is administered orally or intravenously.

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