Metabolic Disorders

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis refers to a group of metabolic bone diseases that are characterized by decreased density (mass/volume) of normally mineralized bone. There is low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, the bone becomes abnormally porous and thin. The reduced mass makes the bone fragile thus making it susceptible to fracture often with little or no trauma. Osteoporosis can be silent and a high index of suspicion is essential to pick it up early. Screening of high- risk groups helps in diagnosing high risk cases There are no specific signs and symptoms of osteoporosis. It is therefore important to screen patients at risk of developing osteoporosis and treat them before they develop fractures. The approach to osteoporosis prevention involves: patient education, adequate dietary calcium intake, hormone replacement therapy in women, care in patient on steroid therapy and Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation. Drug therapy involves use of anti resorptive agents and stimulators of bone formation.

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