Nephro-Uro-Andrology » Renal failure

Chronic Renal Failure

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is characterized by progressive destruction of renal mass with irreversible sclerosis and loss of nephrons over a period of at least months to many years, depending on the underlying etiology. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) progressively decreases with nephron loss, and the term CRF should be reserved more specifically for patients whose GFR is less than 30 cc/min.

Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is the preferred term for patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment, those whose GFR measures 30-70 cc/min. End-stage renal disease (ESRD), usually associated with signs and symptoms of uraemia, is the term reserved for patients whose GFR has declined to levels of less than 10 cc/min. Patients with CRF generally progress to ESRD.

The rate of progression depends on the underlying diagnosis, on the successful implementation of secondary preventative measures, and on the individual patient. Patients on chronic dialysis have a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Patients with ESRD who undergo renal transplantation survive longer than those on chronic dialysis.

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