Coma and Unconsciousness
Coma is a state in which a patient is totally unaware of both self and external surroundings and is unable to respond meaningfully to external stimuli. Coma results from gross impairment of both cerebral hemispheres. Commonest causes include Focal brain dysfunction caused by brain tumour, vascular events (CVA), infection eg meningitis or encephalitis, hypoxia, diabetic coma, hepatic or renal failure, hypothyroidism and severe electrolyte disturbances. Glasgow Coma Score is valuable in assessing a comatose patient.
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