Congenital Cataracts
Congenital cataracts usually are diagnosed at birth. If a cataract goes undetected in an infant, permanent visual loss may ensue. If a lenticular opacity is in the visual axis, it is considered visually significant and may lead to blindness. Unilateral cataracts are usually isolated sporadic incidents. Bilateral cataracts are often inherited and associated with other diseases. The common causes are hypoglycemia, trisomy (eg, Down, Edward, and Patau syndromes), myotonic dystrophy, infectious diseases (eg, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex [TORCH]), and prematurity. Removal of the cataract is only the beginning. Visual rehabilitation requires many years of refractive correction (contact lenses or aphakic glasses), possible patching for amblyopia, possible strabismus surgery, and glaucoma screening.
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