Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure is defined as a PaO2 value of less than 60 mm Hg while breathing air or a PaCO2 of more than 50 mm Hg. Hypoxemic respiratory failure (type I) is characterized by a PaO2 of less than 60 mm Hg with a normal or low PaCO2. Hypercapnic respiratory failure (type II) is characterized by a PaCO2 of more than 50 mm Hg. The goal of management is to assure adequate oxygen delivery to tissues, generally achieved with a PaO2 of 60 mm Hg or arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of greater than 90%. Supplemental oxygen is administered via nasal prongs or face mask; however, in patients with severe hypoxemia, intubation and mechanical ventilation often are required.
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