Bronchiectasis
Localized, irreversible dilatation of bronchi is Bronchiectasis. The affected bronchi are inflamed, dilated and collapsible. Bronchiectasis results in airflow obstruction and impaired clearance of bronchial secretions as dilated areas interrupt normal air pressure of the bronchial tubes, causing sputum to pool inside the dilated areas instead of being expelled. It usually results from necrotizing bacterial infections, eg infections caused by the Staphylococcus or Klebsiella species or Bordetella pertussis. Management of bronchiectasis is aimed at controlling both infections and bronchial secretions, relieving airway obstruction and preventing complications. This involves long term usage of antibiotics to prevent detrimental infections, as well as eliminating accumulated secretions with postural drainage and chest physiotherapy. Surgery may also be used to treat localized bronchiectasis, removing obstructions that could cause progression of the disease.
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