Diabetes Mellitus: General Information

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects of insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a progressive disorder characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism as result of insulin deficiency and /or insulin resistance. The ADA criteria are used for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors are: Age above 45years, obesity, Family history, (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), Hypertension (> 140/90 mm Hg), dyslipidaemia (HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL or triglyceride level > 150 mg/dL), History of Gestational DM or of delivering a large baby. Approach to a patient with diabetes includes a detailed history, clinical examination, screening for microvascular and microvascular complications. Diabetes care includes control of hyperglycaemia and prevention of complications done by the judicious use of drugs diet and exercise.

 

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